How do I identify and date a Hummel figurine by its marks?

The bottom of a Hummel figurine holds most of the information you need. Look for the model number, often called the HUM number, which identifies the design, along with a size designation, the Goebel trademark and sometimes an incised copyright date. The figurine should also carry a signature reading M.I. Hummel, usually on the base.

The trademark is the key to dating. Goebel used a series of marks over the years, starting with the crown mark, then several versions of a bee symbol, beginning with a full bee and becoming more stylized over time, before moving to later marks. Collectors often refer to these by names such as crown, full bee, stylized bee, three line, last bee and missing bee. Each was used during a known span of years, so matching your mark to a Hummel trademark chart will give you an approximate age.

Note that the incised copyright date often refers to when the design was created, not when your particular piece was made. If marks are hard to read, photograph the base in good light. A dealer or appraiser who handles porcelain can confirm the mark and the model.